高煤级煤粗粒体反射率的演化轨迹

通过系统测试，查明了镜质体油浸最大反射率在２．０％～１０．０％之间的样品中粒粒体反射率的演化轨迹，发现其最大反射率的演化具有“转折”特征。粗粒体化学结构的“非石墨化碳”性质、物理结构的“富微孔性”及构造应力的作用是控制反射率演化的主要因素。     

重庆大学危岩锚固工程简介

重庆大学18层高层建筑物拟建在嘉陵江高陡斜坡脚下,斜坡上部陡崖为侏罗系上沙溪庙组巨厚层砂岩,岩石原生及岸剪裂隙发育,危岩直接威胁着建筑物。川地208队采用锚杆加固及涂抹砂浆水泥护坡综合防治工程,效果明显。     

An overview of toxicant identification in sediments and dredged materials

The identification of toxicants affecting aquatic benthic systems is critical to sound assessment and management of our nation's waterways. Identification of toxicants can be useful in designing effective sediment remediation plans and reasonable options for sediment disposal. Knowledge of which contaminants affect benthic systems allows managers to link pollution to specific dischargers and prevent further release of toxicant(s). In addition, identification of major causes of toxicity in sediments may guide programs such as those developing environmental sediment guidelines and registering pesticides, while knowledge of the causes of toxicity which drive ecological changes such as shifts in benthic community structure would be useful in performing ecological risk assessments. To this end, the US Environmental Protection Agency has developed tools (toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) methods) that allow investigators to characterize and identify chemicals causing acute toxicity in sediments and dredged materials. To date, most sediment TIEs have been performed on interstitial waters. Preliminary evidence from the use of interstitial water TIEs reveals certain patterns in causes of sediment toxicity. First, among all sediments tested, there is no one predominant cause of toxicity; metals, organics, and ammonia play approximately equal roles in causing toxicity. Second, within a single sediment there are multiple causes of toxicity detected; not just one chemical class is active. Third, the role of ammonia is very prominent in these interstitial waters. Finally, if sediments are divided into marine or freshwater, TIEs perforMed on interstitial waters from freshwater sediments indicate a variety of toxicants in fairly equal proportions, while TIEs performed on interstitial waters from marine sediments have identified only ammonia and organics as toxicants, with metals playing a minor role. Preliminary evidence from whole sediment TIEs indicates that organic compounds play a major role in the toxicity of marine sediments, with almost no evidence for either metal or ammonia toxicity. However, interpretation of these results may be skewed because only a small number of interstitial water (n = 13) and whole sediment (n = 5) TIEs have been completed. These trends may change as more data are collected.     

利用对数正态分布图解析徐州城市土壤中重金属元素来源和确定地球化学背景值

城市土壤指示了城市环境中重金属污染的状况.为了更好地评价人为因素对城市土壤的影响强度,确定城市土壤重金属元素的地球化学背景值是十分必要的.以徐州城市表层土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn、V、Se和Ti等重金属为例,利用对数正态分布图区分了不同元素的来源,其中Ti和V主要来自土壤母质的分化,而Pb、Cu、Zn和Se等的来源则比较复杂,表现为受人为因素作用强烈.这些结果与利用多元统计方法(如聚类分析和主成分分析)获得的结果一致.利用对数正态分布图获得了Pb、Cu、Zn、V、Se和Ti等元素的地球化学背景值.     

中国优质环保型炼焦煤的评价及资源量等级

我国炼焦煤资源丰富，但优质炼焦煤一直处于短缺局面。根据全国已有煤质数据分析，从优质（主要考虑挥发分指标）、环保（主要考虑硫分和灰分指标）两个方面结合有害微量元素含量，将炼焦煤划分为四种类型，确定了优质环保型炼焦煤资源的评价步骤，对全国五个赋煤区优质环保型炼焦煤的资源量等级进行了统计分析。